Disclosed is a method for preparing a 2-fluoroacrylate, using the following steps : (1) a vinyl ether with a structure as shown in formula A is mixed with monofluorodichloromethane to obtain a substituted cyclopropane compound with a structure as shown in formula B; (2) the substituted cyclopropane compound with the structure as shown in formula B is mixed with R2OH to obtain an acetal product with a structure as shown in formula C, and the acetal product is then hydrolyzed to obtain a 2-fluoroacrolein with a structure as shown in formula D; or the substituted cyclopropane compound with the structure as shown in formula B is reacted with water for cracking to obtain the 2-fluoroacrolein with the structure as shown in formula D; (3) the 2-fluoroacrolein with the structure as shown in formula D is oxidized to obtain a 2-fluoroacrylic acid with a structure as shown in formula E; and (4) the 2-fluoroacrylic acid with the structure as shown in formula E is mixed with R3OH to obtain a 2-fluoroacrylate with a structure as shown in formula F.