PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED : To provide a food-derived composition that has dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity, and can exhibit a plurality of bioactivities with a single active ingredient. SOLUTION : A dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibitory composition contains tryptophan-valine (Trp-Val) or a salt thereof as an active ingredient and has cathepsin inhibitory activity. Preferably, the DPPIV inhibitory composition has cathepsin inhibitory activity of at least 3000 μg/mL(IC50). The DPPIV inhibitory composition is derived from dried fish. SELECTED DRAWING : None COPYRIGHT : (C)2019, JPO&INPIT