The present invention relates to a composition for preparing gold nanoparticles containing ginsenoside, and a preparation method of the same. In particular, the present invention relates to a composition for preparing gold nanoparticles containing ginsenoside as an effective component; a preparation method of gold nanoparticles, comprising a step of making the composition react with a gold precursor; gold nanoparticles prepared by the preparation method; and an anticancer or anti-inflammatory composition comprising the gold nanoparticles. The preparation method of gold nanoparticles according to the present invention can prepare gold nanoparticles in a neutral pH condition without adding a reducing agent or a stabilizing agent. In addition, the gold nanoparticles prepared according to the method have excellent biocompatibility and excellent anticancer/anti-inflammatory activities, and thus may be beneficially used in the drug industry as well as in the nanoparticle industry.