The present invention relates to the field of protein medical and biological engineering and technology. Disclosed is a method for recovering the activity of recombinant human copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD). After an SOD protein is in an extended state, a Cu2+-containing solution and β-mercaptoethanol are added. According to the method of the present invention, the protein is in an extended state by changing the environment of the protein, and then copper ions are added for full reaction to form correct coordination bonds, so that the protein is activated; β-mercaptoethanol is added for modifying the free sulfhydryl groups of an amino acid so that the protein molecule forms correct disulfide bonds, so as to form Cu, Zn-SOD with stable and homogeneous structure. It is shown by experiments that, by treating Cu, Zn-SOD using the method of the present invention, the activity of the Cu, Zn-SOD protein can be effectively recovered, and the structure of Cu, Zn-SOD is stable and homogeneous.