An ophthalmic pharmaceutical composition, comprising 0.06-40 parts by weight of solid substrate, 0.4-55 parts by weight of liquid substrate, and 1 part by weight of active pharmaceutical ingredient. The solid substrate is selected from polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and polyethylene glycol having a number-average molecular weight of 800-10, 000; the liquid substrate is a first liquid substrate and/or a second liquid substrate; the first liquid substrate is selected from diethyl succinate, diethyl tartrate, dimethyl glutarate, and triacetin; when the liquid substrate is the first and second liquid substrate, the second liquid substrate is selected from glycerol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol having a number-average molecular weight of 70-750; when the liquid substrate is the second liquid substrate, the second liquid substrate is glycerol and/or propylene glycol or a combination of the glycerol and/or the propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol having a number-average molecular weight of 70-750.