The invention relates to chimeric vaccine antigens against hepatitis C virus (HCV) comprising selected regions of different antigens of said virus, which are placed in a predetermined order inside the polypeptide. In addition, said chimeric antigens can include artificially formed specific epitopes for auxiliary T helper lymphocytes. The chimeric antigens and the resulting vaccine compositions are suitable for use in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry, as well as being suitable for prophylactic and/or therapeutic use against HCV. The vaccine compositions of the invention generate a powerful, broad-spectrum immune response against different antigens of the virus, with a minimum number of components.