The invention provides sulfoxyalkyl organonitro and related compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and methods for using such compounds and compositions to treat medical disorders, such as a neurodegenerative disorder, autoimmune disease, infection, or cancer in a patient. Exemplary sulfoxyalkyl organonitro compounds described herein include ((2-(3, 3-dinitroazetidin-l-yl)-2-oxoethyl)sulfinyl)-D-alanine and variants thereof.