The present invention relates to a 360-degree video data processing method performed by a 360-degree video reception apparatus, the method comprising : receiving 360-degree video data, obtaining information on an encoded picture and metadata from the 360-degree video data, decoding at least a part of a picture based on the information on the encoded picture and rendering at least a part of the decoded picture based on the metadata, and the decoded picture is a composition picture and the metadata includes indication information related to whether the composition picture is identical to a projected picture.