Disclosed is a preparation method for a double-sensitivity cellulose-based aerogel. Dialdehyde cellulose, a dialdehyde cellulose/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, and a dialdehyde cellulose/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/polymine copolymer are prepared successively, then freezing drying is performed, and a product can be obtained; the product is the double-sensitivity cellulose-based aerogel, the accumulated adsorbing capacity of the aerogel reaches 250 mg/g, and the accumulated releasing amount of the aerogel in a 0.2% NaC (pH8) solution reaches 63-90%; the obtained product has the advantages that the mass is low, the biocompatibility is good, the porosity is high, and pH/temperature double-sensitivity is high, and the like; the product can be used as a biomedical material, and has a wide application prospect in drug sustained release, wound dressings and other aspects.