The invention provides substituted pyrazolo[1, 5-a]pyrimidinyl carboxamide and related organic compounds, compositions containing such compounds, medical kits, and methods for using such compounds and compositions to treat medical disorders, e.g., Gaucher disease, Parkinson' s disease, Lewy body disease, dementia, or multiple system atrophy, in a patient. Exemplary substituted pyrazolo[1, 5-a]pyrimidinyl carboxamide compounds described herein include 2-heterocyclyl-4-alkyl-pyrazolo[1, 5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide compounds and variants thereof.