Use of total glucosides of paeony in preparation of a medicament for preventing or treating diabetes, the total glucosides of paeony being used for preventing or treating diabetes by improving intestinal flora balance. The function of improving intestinal flora balance is to increase the content of probiotics such as Akk bacteria, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bifidobacterium longum in the intestinal tract. A method for treating diabetes, comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of total glucosides of paeony to a diabetic patient, the total glucosides of paeony being used for preventing or treating diabetes by improving intestinal flora balance. Use of total glucosides of paeony in a product for improving the glycometabolism of a human body, wherein the total glucosides of paeony improve the glycometabolism of the human body by improving intestinal flora balance.