A method for identifying diagnostic and therapeutic options for medical conditions. The method includes obtaining, from patient data in electronic health records, a diagnoses statistics database that includes statistical distributions of values of action results associated with diagnoses, and for each action result, a benefit of using the action result for disambiguating pairs of diagnoses. The method further includes obtaining an initial differential diagnosis for a patient. The initial differential diagnosis includes a set of initial diagnoses that are based on initially available patient data. Each initial diagnosis is assigned a probability that the initial diagnosis correctly identifies a condition of the patient. The method further includes identifying, based on the benefits of action results obtained for pairs of diagnoses, actions that have a largest benefit for disambiguation of the differential diagnosis, and providing a subset of actions, selected from the actions, and associated benefits to a physician.