Provided is an antibody against IL-1β, a pharmaceutical composition thereof, and a use thereof. Specifically, an antibody against IL-1β or an antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided, in which a heavy chain variable region of the antibody comprises amino acid sequences of HCDR1-HCDR3 as respectively shown in SEQ ID NO : 17-SEQ ID NO : 19, and the light chain variable region of the antibody comprises amino acid sequences of LCDR1-LCDR3 as respectively shown in SEQ ID NO : 20-SEQ ID NO : 22. The antibody can effectively bind to human IL-1β, blocking the binding of IL-1β to its receptor IL-1R1, and inhibiting the activation of downstream signaling pathways of IL-1β. The invention has potential for the preparation of drugs for preventing and treating autoimmune diseases, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes in children and adults, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, gouty arthritis, cardiovascular diseases or tumors.